英国文学史 现实主义Realism.pptVIP

Victorian Period: 1837-1901Time to GET REAL ! Queen Victorian:1837, Ascent to the Crownto1901, Death after 40 years’ of widowhood Victorian Period: 1832-1901Coming of the Commens Reform Act in 1832: to “take effectual Measures for correcting divers Abuses that have long prevailed in the Choice of Members to serve in the Commons House of Parliament.” The Great Reform Act of 1832 Proposed by the Whigs, opposed by the House of Lords. Seats granted to the large industrial cities, meanwhile taken from the “rotten boroughs”. Electorate increased restricted de juri to males. House of Commons, 1833 Turn of the Century Industrial Revolution (Scientific Technologic Progress) American Revolution French Revolution European Revolution of 1848 (Springtime of the Peoples) Scientific Revolution in Everyday Life Steamboat Railway Electricity Telecommunication Photograph Film Elevator The Great Exhibition in 1851 The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park The Crystal Palace in Hyde Park Peaceful Reforms or Revolutions in 1848 “March Revolution” in Germany 1848, demanding national unity, civil rights like freedom of press assembly Calican Slaughter: nobles killed by peasants in Calicia, Poland, 1846 Chartist Meeting in 1848 A painting in 1874, depicting Le Droit du Seigneur—a privilege of the aristocrats Change of Mode: Will no one tell me what she sings? Change of Paradigm Nobility Idealistic Sublime Aristocratic —No longer popular after the revolutions Bourgeois Realistic Commonplace Civic —New mode du monde New Ideas Mechanism -Cosmic Anthropic—Determinism Evolutionism (Charles Darwin) -Natural Selection Social Darwinism (Herbert Spencer) -Survival of the Fitest Realism Naturalism Realism Detachement Objectivity Social Criticism (lucid restrained) Democracy (themes deemed unworthy in the past) Naturalism Realism Being Experimental or Scientific (émile Zola) Darwinism Social Darwinism Mechanism Determinism Naturalism Realism: objecti