美国经济(英文版).ppt

A Survey of the United States of America3. Economy School of Western Studies Heilongjiang University Economy Industrial Revolution Free Enterprise American Agriculture Transportation Foreign Trade The Two Industrial Revolutions Reasons for Industrial Revolution Some early decisions by American social and political leaders planted the seeds of industrial growth. A tariff high enough to discourage imports and give domestic industries time to grow. Other Hamiltonian measures gave great encouragement to business in general. The Industrial Revolution in England brought many changes to American industry between 1776 and 1860. Development of Industrial Revolution One key development was the introduction of the factory system, which gathered many workers together in one workplace and produced goods for distribution over a wide area. A second development was the “American system” of mass production which originated in the firearms industry about 1800. the new system required precision engineering to create parts that were interchangeable. Development of Industrial Revolution A third development was the application of new technologies to industrial tasks. A fourth development was the emergency of new forms of business organization, notably the bank and the corporation, which facilitated the growth of industry. Finally, the construction of railroads beginning in the 1830s, marked the start of a new era for the United States. National Economy US is the largest developed country and the only superpower in the world. It leads the world in such fields as: Information technology, computers, space, nuclear energy, electronics and military products. It is the largest automobile maker of the world. US dollar is used as an international currency. Western economists regard the US as the dynamic and engine of the world economy. International Monetary, the World Bank, Gatt( General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) When the United States coughs, the rest of the world catches cold