环境毒理学绪论.pptVIP

上世纪40-60年代，社会对污染认知的改变 稀释模式： 解决污染的方法是稀释； 飞返模式：你丢弃的东西会返回来伤害你。 水俣病 （Hg） 痛痛病 （Cd） DDT 和 DDE 对鸟类繁殖率的损害 不断涌现的环境问题： 核物质； 溢油事件； 杀虫剂。。。 ECOTOXICOLOGY DEFINED Environmental Toxicology Study of the effects of environmental contaminants on humans Ecotoxicology Truhaut (1977) defined as science of contaminant effects on ecological entities and humans Humans are excluded from most modern definitions Often defined within an ecosystem context HERE - the science of contaminants in the biosphere and their effects on constituents of the biosphere including humans. Different biological levels ?? All relevant levels should beconsidered. This is one exciting feature of ecotoxicology. Caswell (1996): Processes at one level take their mechanisms from the level below and find their consequences at the level above. A SYNTHETIC SCIENCE 不同水平的研究 相关概念 生态系统： 在一定空间中栖居的所有生物与其环境之间由于不断进行物质循环和能量流动过程而形成的统一体； 种群： 一定空间中同种个体的组合，是物种在自然界存在的基本单位； 群落： 特定空间内，由一定的生物种类组成的，具有一定外貌、结构及特定功能的生物集合体。 科学、技术与实践 Three aspects of study Scientific goals: knowledge-based development, including observations and experiments； Technological goals: analytical techniques, biomarker, biomonitors,etc； Practical goals: management issues,water quality criteria, standards. SCIENTIFIC GOALS SCIENTIFIC GOALS SCIENTIFIC GOALS TECHNICAL GOALS PRACTICAL GOALS Summary * 对生态毒理学的需要 On the day of the patients victory at court, someone wrote a headline: The Day that Tomoko Smiled. She couldnt possibly have known. Tomoko Uemura, born in 1956, was attacked by mercury in the womb of her outwardly healthy mother. No one knows if she is aware of her surroundings or not. Smith and Smith (1975) Even the classic toxicologists have broadened their context. The Society of Toxicology defines toxicology as “study of the adverse effects of chemical, physical, and biological agents on living organisms and the ecosystem…” ?? 一个水平上发生的过程的机制来自其下一级，而这个过程的结果又在它上一级水平上得到体现。 在生态毒理学中普遍缺乏一致性意见导致了许多混淆。 表面上看去并不一致的行为是怎样集中到去实现三个 相互