精简指令集计算机-附件.pptVIP

William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture5th Edition Chapter 12 Reduced Instruction Set Computers 精简指令集计算机 Topics Major Advances in Computers 计算机的主要改进 Instruction Execution Characteristics 指令执行的特点 Use of Large Register File 使用大的寄存器 Compiler-Based Register Optimization 基于编译器的寄存器优化 Reduced Instruction Set Architecture 精简指令集体系结构 RISC Pipelining RISC流水线 RISC vs. CISC Controversy RISC和CISC 的比较 Major Advances in Computers(1) The family concept 系列概念 IBM System/360 1964 DEC PDP-8 Separates architecture from implementation 将体系结构和它的实现分开 Microporgrammed control unit 微程序控制器 Idea by Wilkes 1951 Produced by IBM S/360 1964 Cache memory Cache存储器 IBM S/360 model 85 1969 Major Advances in Computers(2) Solid State RAM 固态存储器 (See memory notes) Microprocessors 微处理器 Intel 4004 1971 Pipelining 流水 Introduces parallelism into fetch execute cycle Multiple processors 多处理器 The Next Step - RISC RISC-Reduced Instruction Set Computer RISC精简指令集计算机 Key features Large number of general purpose registers, or use of compiler technology to optimize register use 大量通用寄存器，使用编译技术优化寄存器的使用 Limited and simple instruction set 一个有限简单的指令集 Emphasis on optimising the instruction pipeline 强调指令流水的优化 Comparison of processors Driving force for CISC（1） CISC-Complex Instruction Set Computer CISC－复杂指令集计算机 Why CISC? Software costs far exceed hardware costs 软件成本高于硬件成本 Increasingly complex high level languages 越来越复杂的高级语言 Semantic gap : Difference between operations provided in HLLs and those provided in computer architecture 语义间隙问题： HLLs提供的操作和计算机体系结构提供的操作不同 Driving force for CISC（2） to close the gapLeads to: Large instruction sets 指令集非常大 More addressing modes 更多的寻址方式 Hardware implementations of HLL statements e.g. CASE (switch) on VAX HLL描述的硬件的实现 Intention of CISC 复杂指令集体系结构的目的 Ease compiler writing 使编译器的编写更容易 Improve execution efficiency 提高执行效率