演讲与辩论3.ppt

Gather Material 1 own knowledge experience most familiar 2 Library research Librarians Catalogue: for books Periodical database: for magazines journals Newspapers : historical contemporary Reference works: encyclopedias, yearbook, dictionary, quotation books, biographical aids, gazetteer(地名辞典), atlas(地图) Oxford dictionary of quotations My soul looks black, ‘less I forget: A collection of quotations by people of color’ Fire in my souls: quotations of wisdom and inspiration by Latino Americans The treasury of Jewish quotations Virtual Libraries Librarian’s index to the Internet ( ) Internet Public Library ( ) Invisible web Directory ( ) Informine (http:// ) Social Science Information Gateway (www.sosig.ac.uk) National Science Digital Library () Direct Search (/gary/direct.htm) Key word search Subject search Bookmark: help you to trace “address” Citing Sources No Plagiarism Authentic Knowledgeable Citing Internet Source E.g. Some people think that sign language is a primitive substitute for spoken language, but in fact sign language is just as rich and expressive as spoken language. For example, Karen Nakamura states in the online Deaf Resources Library that American Sign Language “should not be considered in any way to be a broken, mimed, or gestural form of English.” According to Nakamura, ASL is a complex, full, and natural language in its own right, with “its own beautiful grammar”. According to the American Red Cross Web Pages, where I obtained an enormous amount of information, in the United States alone someone undergoes a blood transfusion once every three seconds, which amounts to 3,000 gallons of blood every hour, day and night. Supporting your ideas Avoid generalization. Problems with generalization: (unanswered) What do you mean? Why should I believe you? So what? Supporting materials Supporting materials ≠ tossing facts Supporting materials = back up your ideas Select logical