civilrightsmovement英语课展示.pptVIP

* The African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955-1968) refers to the reform movements in the United States, particularly in the South, aimed at abolishing racial discrimination of African Americans. By 1966, the emergence of the Black Power Movement, which lasted roughly from 1966 to 1975, enlarged and gradually eclipsed the aims of the Civil Rights Movement to include racial dignity, economic and political self-sufficiency, and freedom from White domination. Many of those who were active in the Civil Rights Movement, with organizations such as NAACP, and SCLC, prefer the term Southern Freedom Movement because the struggle was about far more than just civil rights under law; it was also about fundamental issues of freedom, respect, dignity, and economic and social equality. In the 1950s the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was involved in the struggle to end segregation on buses and trains. In 1952 segregation on inter-state railways was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. This was followed in 1954 by a similar judgment concerning interstate buses. However, states in the Deep South continued their own policy of transport segregation. This usually involved whites sitting in the front and blacks sitting nearest to the front had to give up their seats to any whites that were standing.  African American people who disobeyed the states transport segregation policies were arrested and fined. On 1st December, 1955, Rosa Parks, a middle-aged tailors assistant from Montgomery, Alabama, who was tired after a hard days work, refused to give up her seat to a white man. Rosa Parks having her fingerprints taken after her arrest on 1st December, 1955. After her arrest, Martin Luther King Jr., a pastor at the local Baptist Church, helped organize protests against bus segregation. He was joined by other campaigners for civil rights, including Ralph David Abernathy, Edgar Nixon and Bayard Rustin. The group was persuaded by JoAnn Ro