考前语法突破--曲航.doc

第一章 句子分类及基本句型(Sentence Type and Pattern) 　　一、句子分类 　　1. 结构分类 　　语法讲解 　　英语的句子在结构上可分为简单句、并列句和复合句, 例如: 　　I have a book. (简单句) 　　我有一本书。 　　I have a book and you have a pen. (并列句) 有并列联词，联接一起的两个简单句。　我有一本书, 你有一支笔。 　　I have a book that is interesting. (复合句)有从属联词联接在一起的两个简单句。 　　我有一本有趣的书。（名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句。） 　　1) 一般来说简单句只有一个主语和一个谓语, 但有的简单句中也有可能会有并列主语或并列谓语出现的情况。例如: 　　Computer and telephone have made communication between people more easily. 、计机和电话使人们之间的交流更容易。(并列主语: 多主语共有一个谓语) 　　He opened the door, entered the room and closed the door behind him. 　　他打开门, 进了屋, 然后关上身后的门。(并列谓语: 同一个主语发出了多个动作) 　　2) 并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连接构成。 　　常用的并列连词有: and(和), or(或者, 否则), but(但是), so(因此), while(而)表示前后两部分的对比, for (因为), 　　 not only’.but also (不但’ 而且), either’.or (不是’ 就是)或者…或者…, neither’.nor (即不……也不)。三个词组的主谓一致原则采取就近一致原则。例如: 　　She is only six, but she can take care of herself. 　　她只有六岁, 但她能照顾自己。 　　He failed to appear, so we went on without him. 　　他没有出现, 因此没他我们也继续下去了。 　　3) 复合句通常是由一个主句加一个或一个以上的从句构成, 从句可根据其在复合句中所作的成分而分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。 　　That he would not come made us very sad. 　　他不来的事让我们都很难过。(主语从句) 　　I told others that he would not come. 　　我告诉其他人, 他不来了。(宾语从句) 　　The news was that he would not come. 　　消息是他不来了。(表语从句) 　　The newspaper proved the fact that he would not come. 　　报纸证实了一件事: 他不来了。(同位语从句) 　　Those who would not come would be punished. 　　不来的人会受到惩罚。(定语从句) 　　I’ll tell him when he comes. 　　他来的时候我会告诉他。(状语从句) 　　巩固练习 　　判断下列各句的结构分类: 　　1) ithe girl who is driving is my good friend. 　　2) Both Mary and I have cars. 　　3) ithat he can drive surprises all of us. 　　4) ithe light was red, so I had to stop my car. 　　5) I have a car and a house. 　　6) I have a car and he has a house. 　　7) I was driving when I saw her. 　　8) Some people don’t have cars while I have. 　　9) I stopped the car and waited for him. 　　10) ithe reason for his lateness is that he cannot drive. 　　巩固练习解析 　　1) 带有由who 引导的定语从句的复合句。 　　译文: 正在开车的那个女孩是我的好朋友。 　　2) 带有并列主语的简单句, 并列主语共有一个谓语动词have。　　译文: 我和玛丽都有车。 　　3) 带有由tha