The Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative Instruments for Environmental Protection in a Second-best Setting：（环境保护成本效益的替代工具在第二好的环境）.pdfVIP

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The Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative Instruments for Environmental Protection in a Second-best Setting：（环境保护成本效益的替代工具在第二好的环境）.pdf

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The Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative Instruments for Environmental Protection in a Second-best Setting：（环境保护成本效益的替代工具在第二好的环境）

The Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative Instruments For Environmental Protection in a Second-Best Setting Lawrence H. Goulder Stanford University, Resources for the Future, and NBER Ian W.H. Parry Resources for the Future Roberton C. Williams III Stanford University Dallas Burtraw Resources for the Future January 1998 Keywords: general equilibrium efficiency analysis, environmental instrument choice, second-best regulation JEL Classifications: D58, H21, L51 The authors gratefully acknowledge helpful comments from Jesse David, Don Fullerton, Koshy Mathai, Robert Stavins, Michael Toman and participants in the August 1997 NBER Summer Institute Workshop on Public Policy and the Environment. We also thank the National Science Foundation (Grants SBR-9310362 and SBR-9613458) and Environmental Protection Agency (Grant R825313- 01) for financial support. The Cost-Effectiveness of Alternative Instruments For Environmental Protection in a Second-Best Setting ABSTRACT This paper employs analytical and numerical general equilibrium models to examine the costs of achieving pollution reductions under a range of environmental policy instruments in a second-best setting with pre-existing factor taxes. We compare the costs and overall efficiency impacts of emissions taxes, emissions quotas, fuels taxes, performance standards,