Synonyms.pptVIP

（三）同义词、反义词，上下义词和语义场（synonymy、?antonymy、hyponymy?and?semantic?field） 单词之间含义上的联系主要有两种方式，一是同义词，一是反义词? 具有几乎是相同的外延意义的单词是同义词。在意义上完全相同并且可以互换的两个单词叫完全同义词（complete?synonymy?），完全同义词是非常少的。相对同义词是在意义范围，感情色彩和正式程度以及搭配上存在差异的同义词。同义词的使用可以避免重复，并且使文章更多样化，意义更精确。 Synonymy 同义关系 Group 2 Definition Kinds of synonyms Synonymous patterns 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 Choice appropriate use Definition of synonyms 1 Definition:synonyms are traditionally defined as words differing in sound form but identical or similar in meaning but this definition is vague and by no means accurate . thus a synonym may be better defined as :a word having the same meaning as another word. Synonym [Gk. syn?nymon: syn- “together” +onyma “name”, “having the same name”] 1.words differing in forms 2 but identical or similar in meaning 3 this defintion is vague and not accuret Definition of synonyms 1 Synonymy defined as words differing in sound form but identical or similar in meaning. ？ First, there are more polysemic words than monosemic words. word synonym example head chief, leader a head of state head mind, to use one’s head head top headline head front headlight Definition of synonyms 1 Second, identical or similar in “meaning”. meaning Statesman politician Adult grown-up Synonyms are better defined as words having the same essential or generic meaning, that is, denotative meaning, and differing in connotation, application, or idiomatic use, etc. Kinds of synonyms 2 Complete synonyms完全同义词 Relative synonyms相对同义词 A B Kinds of synonyms 2 Complete synonyms 完全同义词 Words are fully identical in any meaning that one can always be substituted for the other without the slightest change in connotative, affective and stylistic meaning. Word-formation word-building Malnutrition undernourishment 营养不良(medicine) B.Relative synonyms 相对同义词 Words share the nearly same or similar basic meaning, but still denote differences in other meanings, like conceptual meaning and associative meaning, a