机场计划与设计-云嘉南区域教学资源中心.PDF

機場計劃與設計 Air Traffic Control Flight Rules Visual flight rules (VFR) :  適用於以目視能保持安全距離(safe separation)的天候狀況下  保持安全間距責任在飛行員  航管人員處於被動、監督角色  FAA defines: a visibility of at least three statute miles and that you can maintain at least 500 ft. clearance from the clouds above you, then you may fly by Visual Flight Rules.  Flying at VFR minimums is not very comfortable and you better know where those 1000 ft. TV towers are, because youll never see them in time to avoid them. They are marked on your charts.  Instrument flight rule (IFR) :  適用於能見度或雲層高度未達標準之情況下  保持安全間距責任在航管人員  Pilots must fly by Instrument Flight Rules, or IFR, • weather is below VFR minimums, • in Class A airspace, which is anything above 18000 ft. Airspace Classifications  Class A (Positive control area)  Only IFR permitted  ATC clearance (飛航許可) required  Equipment : Mode C Transponder (報位 儀Reporting altitude) + two way radio  劃定範圍愈來愈廣，以維空中交通安全 • 空域繁忙區域，一律由航管人員指揮，禁VFR • 主要機場空域(Terminal Control Area, TCA) • Airport Radar Service Area (ARSA) • Jet flight route ( 18000ft MSL,48 states in US) FL 600 Class A 18,000’ MSL Surface  Class B (Terminal control area, TCA)  一般商業性實施載客服務之機場四周。包括三層區域 • 第一層：機場為中心點，向外延伸十浬 • 第二層：機場為中心點，向外延伸二十浬 • 第三層：機場為中心點，向外延伸三十浬 • 10000 ft以下，Both VFR and IFR permitted • VFR weather 3 SM visibility and clear of clouds.  ATC clearance (飛航許可) required  Equipment : • Mode C transponder (reporting altitude) • Two-way radio (high freq. for IFR) • VOR(極高頻多向導航儀) or TACAN(太康)(DME距離測定 儀) for IFR within 30 NM (D-VOR) (VORTAC) FL 600 Class A