建筑物下大采深坚硬顶板煤层安全高效开采技术研究.doc

  建筑物下大采深坚硬顶板煤层安全高效 开采技术研究 邹永洺，耿耀强* 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 （中国矿业大学矿业工程学院，江苏 徐州 221116） 摘要：为解决某矿建筑物下煤炭资源回收的问题，结合其埋深大、顶板坚硬的地质条件，提 出先采用较小采宽和较大留宽进行条带开采，等地表变形稳定后，对条带开采的保留煤柱进 行二次开采。采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场实测的方法研究了条带开采和二次开采；确定 了条带开采方案，采宽 60 m，留宽 120 m；二次开采时采用窄煤柱沿空掘巷，采宽 60 m， 留宽 55 m。为保证二次开采的成功，采取浅孔强制放顶，加快工作面推进速度，对沿空掘 巷的窄煤柱进行注浆加固等技术措施。进行了工业性试验，取得了较好的效果。 关键词：深井；坚硬顶板；条带开采；二次开采 中图分类号：TD823 Study on safety and efficiency mining technology in coal seam with deep mining and hard roof under building structures ZOU Yongming, GENG Yaoqiang (School of Mines,China University of Mining Technology, JiangSu XuZhou 221116) Abstract: In order to solve the problem of recovering coal resources under ground buildings at certain coal mine, combined with its geological conditions of large embedded depth and hard roof, smaller mining width and larger retaining width are adopted when strip mining, the secondary mining is carried out in the reserved coal pillar, after a period of time when the surface deformation stabilized. The strip mining and the mechanism of secondary mining are studied by using the methods of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and field measurement; then the strip mining scheme can be determined, the mining width and retaining width are respectively 60 m and 120 m; the roadway driving along next goaf with narrow coal pillar is adopted when secondary mining, the mining width is 60 m and the retaining width is 55 m. To ensure the success of the secondary mining, the shallow holes forced overhead caving, accelerating the advancing speed of working face and grouting consolidation for the narrow pillar are used. The industrial test has been conducted, then good results have been achieved. Keywords: deep mine; hard roof; strip mining; secondary mining 0 引言 建筑物下采煤的问题存在已久，条带开采是建筑物下压煤回采较成熟的方法，国内外许 多学者对条带开采设计、地表沉陷变形、回采率以及它们的关系研究较多[1-4]。 近年来，随着矿井开采深度的增加，实测资料统计表明，深部建筑物下开采引起的地表 变形和变形规律与浅部开采差别较大，影响因素也更加复杂。 本文以河北唐山某矿九东区域深部建筑物下煤层开采为背景，为保护地面建筑物安全， 提高建筑物下压煤的回采率，针对具体地质条件，提出先采用较小采宽和较大留宽进行条带