英国文学作家作品(结合网上内容,外加自己吐血整理).docVIP

英国文学 Geoffrey Chaucer杰佛利·乔叟1340-1400one of the greatest narrative poets of England真实地反映了不同社会阶层的生活，开创了英国文学的现实主义传统，对莎士比亚和狄更斯产生影响。 乔叟于1400年10月25日在伦敦逝世，葬于威斯敏斯特教堂里的“诗人之角”。 乔叟率先采用伦敦方言写作，并创作“英雄双行体”，对英国民族语言和文学的发展影响极大，故被誉为“The father of English poetry英国诗歌之父”。 诗人接触了资产阶级人文主义的进步思想。这一时期的创作杰弗雷·乔叟作品 如《百鸟会议》、《特罗伊勒斯和克莱（Troilus and Criseyde (c. 1385））、《好女人的故事》，反映了作者面向生活现实的创作态度和人文主义观点。 In contradistinction to the alliterative verse of the Anglo-Saxon poetry,Chaucer chose the metrical from which laid the foundation of the English tonico-syllabic verse重音间---节格律诗. Chaucer greatly contributed to the founding of the English literary language,the basis of which was formed by the London dialect伦敦方言, so profusely丰富的 used by the poet. 乔叟是第一位用中古英语Middle English写作的大诗人 长诗：The House of Fame声誉之堂; Troilus and Criseyde特罗勒斯与克丽西德 诗体短篇小说：Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集----英国文学史上现实主义第一部杰作Ironic style 揭示了资本主义capitalism萌芽时期的英国社会生活，揭露了教会的腐败corruption、教士的贪婪rapacious和伪善hypocrisy，谴责了扼杀人性的禁欲主义，肯定了世俗的爱情生活。As a representative of a transitional period, Chaucer is not entirely devoid of medieval prejudices. These prejudices, however, form but a very inconsiderable stratum in the tales. 作为社会转型时代的代表人物，乔叟并不是完全没有中古时代的偏见，然而在整部作品中，只是在讲到一个微不足道的阶层时才略带这种中古偏见。 他首创的英雄双韵体heroic couplets为以后的英国诗人所广泛采用 His work is permeated流露 with buoyant轻快的 free-thinking ,so characteristic of the age of Renaissance whose immediate forerunner Chaucer thus becomes. 乔叟也因此成为了文艺复兴的先驱He believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions and a blind belief in fate. He is always keen to praise man’s energy, adroitness,灵敏 intellect, quick wit 敏捷的才思and the love for life. （他是最早有人文主义思想的作家，现实主义文学的奠基人） 2、William Shakespeare莎士比亚1564-1616The first founders of realism现实主义的奠基人 Karl Marx regarded him and Aeschylus as “the two greatest dramatic geniuses the world has ever known” 世界上最伟大的两位戏剧天才 His earliest task at the theatre was the remodelling改造 and partially rewriting of old plays. During the 22 years of his literary wo