9-10-15 北京福利会议 Duncan_Poultry_Welfare.ppt

放养式饲养 受到体内寄生虫如各种细菌的侵扰 受到体外寄生虫的侵扰 自由活动式饲养 受到体外寄生虫的侵扰 氨水、尘土问题→呼吸道问题 层架式鸡笼 骨质疏松症→易骨折 Free range Risk of internal parasites including bacteria spp. Risk of external parasites Free run Risk of external parasites Ammonia dust → respiratory problems Battery cages Osteoporosis → risk of broken bones Husbandry Systems – Health养禽模式——保健 在所有养禽体系中，母鸡的下蛋量基本持平 层架式鸡笼母鸡产蛋量约（100）枚 丰富化鸡笼产蛋量稍少，约（98）枚 自由活动式饲养区母鸡产蛋量较少，约（95）枚 放养式饲养区母鸡产蛋量最少，约（92）枚 Hens lay same number of eggs in all these systems Almost all eggs collected from battery cages (100) Very slightly fewer eggs collected from furnished cages (98) Fewer eggs collected from free run (95) Fewer eggs collected from free range (92) Husbandry Systems – Productivity养禽模式——生产力 母鸡在层架式鸡笼中进食最少 母鸡在丰富化鸡笼中进食较第一种情况较多 母鸡在自由活动式饲养区中进食更多 母鸡在放养式饲养区进食最多，但进食量也会受到气温和室外觅食条件好坏的影响 所有模式中，母鸡身上的羽毛量有明显的差异 Hens eat least amount of food in battery cages Hens eat slightly more in furnished cages Hens eat slightly more in free run Hens eat more in free range BUT very variable depending on temperature and quality of outdoor forage In all systems, amount of feathering has huge effect Husbandry Systems – Productivity养禽模式——生产力 啄羽和自相残杀现象是长期问题 大幅降低母鸡福利 病理复杂——但遗传因素居多 家禽业的解决办法即断喙 Feather pecking and cannibalism are long-standing problems They reduce welfare enormously Complex aetiology – but a large genetic component Poultry industry’s solution has been to beak trim Beak Trimming断喙  问题 The problem Feather Pecking 啄羽  解决方案 The solution Feather Pecking 啄羽 断喙时，母鸡疼痛难忍，且断喙后，母鸡也将长期受到折磨 因此断喙可大幅降低母鸡福利 解决方案 选择不会啄羽的种鸡进行饲养 使用不同措施（在孵化区使用红外线设备） But beak trimming causes both acute and chronic pain It therefore reduces welfare considerably Solutions Select strains genetically that do not feather peck Use a different method (infra-red tipping in the hatchery) Beak Trimming断喙 持续下蛋一年后，母鸡的骨架会变得相当脆弱 此时母鸡躯体价值极小 这些母鸡的鸡笼设计简陋 所有这一切都导致许多母鸡在被屠杀之前，受伤严重 After laying eggs for a year, hens’ skeletons are very fragile Their carcases are worth very l