英国政治概述(中英).pptVIP

Objectives: Get the general knowledge about the British Politics. Key points: the Constitutional Monarchy the Parliament British Political Party System Constitutional Monarchy Constitutional monarchy is a government system in which the head of state is a king or queen who reigns but does not rule. It is a political system that has been practiced in UK since the Glorious Revolution of 1688. According to this system, the Constitution is superior to the Monarch. CONTENT I Constitution Is there any difference between British Constitution and other countries’ constitution? British Constitution is made up of: Statutory Law (成文法) Common Law (判例法) Conventions (习惯法) The Constitution II Government Basic Structure of UK Central Government III. Political Parties 3.1 Overall Introduction The Parliament operates on a two-party system. Political parties originated in the late 17th century. the Whig Party—Liberal Party the Tory Party—Conservative Party Comparative Description on the two major parties: Comparative Description on the two major parties: Comparative Description on the two major parties: Comparative Description on the two major parties: 3.1 The Conservative Party the “Right” landowners and businessmen, the middle and upper-middle class free enterprise and privatization of state-owned firms 3.1 The Conservative Party Margaret Thatcher [mɑ:ɡr?t] [θ?t??] (1979-1990) —The Iron Lady privatized state-owned industries and promoted a more competitive spirit in Britain’s economy reduced old age pensions, shortened the period of unemployment benefits, and cut child benefits curbed the power of the trade unions Current Prime Minister: David William Donald Cameron 2010,5,11 3.2 The Labor Party the “Left” created by the growing trade union movement at the end of the 19th century After 1945—to establish a welfare state nationalized industries exercised control over private indus