第7-8讲 虚拟语气20161125-1203.pptVIP

Lecture 7：VerbSubjunctive Mood Mood (式/语气) 陈述式（Indicative Mood） 祈使式（Imperative Mood） 虚拟式（Subjunctive Mood） 虚拟语气： “虚拟”： 字面意义：“虚拟的，不真实的，和事实相反的” 虚拟语气的用法主要体现在if引导的非真实条件句中 还用于表达“命令、建议”或“委婉”等语气 虚拟语气的产生： 用动词偏离常规的形式表示语气： 正常情形下： He is in the classroom. If I am rich, I will not work at all. 虚拟语气如： If he were in the classroom, … If I were rich, I would not work at all. 触发语： 虚拟语气的使用一定有触发因素，即触发语，触发语创设情形，促使动词形式发生变化。 It is time that we had a rest. 虚拟语气的类型： Be-型虚拟式（be/do/should do） Were-型虚拟式（were/did, had done） Be-型虚拟式（be/do/should do） 表“命令、建议、决定” 表“担心、目的” 的五类从句 程式化表达中 1. 表达“命令、建议、决定” 触发语： 动词：demand, insist, order, prefer, propose, recommend, request, require, … 名词：demand, order, proposal, recommendation, request, … 形容词：advisable, appropriate, essential, imperative, possible, necessary, obligatory, important, proper, … The king ordered that the man be released. The king gave an order that the man be released. The king’s order was that the man be released. It is imperative that the man be released. The king thought it imperative that the man be released. 2.表达“担心、目的” 的五类从句 lest 唯恐 for fear that 担心 in case 万一 so that 为了 （so that表示结果不用虚拟式） in order that 为了 3. 程式化表达中 (formulaic subjunctive) 1）口号、祝福语中 God bless you! God save the Queen! Long live the People’s Republic of China! 2）从句中： Home is home, be it ever so homely. (whether it is homely or not) Be he rich or poor, I’ll marry him all the same. (whether he is rich or poor) 小结：be-型虚拟式（do/should do） 正常情形：现在时要体现主谓的一致性，即主语是单数第三人称，谓语动词用does型，主语是第一、第二或复数，用do 型。 偏离形式：用do 或者should do，被动态用be done或者should be done。 提醒：考试常考主语是单数第三人称的情形 Exercises: 1. The teacher suggested that each student ______ a plan for the vacation. a. made b. make c. makes d. will make 2. It is imperative that you ______ there in person. a. are b. were c. be d. will be Exercises: 3. It is required that the machine ______ as frequently as necessary. a. be oiled b. must be oiled c. is oiled d. will oil 4. The driver lo