Phonology.pptVIP

?????? 教学目标及基本要求：Teaching target and object (1)??? Let us know what phonology is and how the human speech sounds form patterns in a language (2)??? Let us know how these human speech sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication. ?? 教学重点Teaching focus (1)??the similarity and difference between phonetics and phonology (2)??? phone, phoneme and allophone (3)??? minimal pairs (4 ) phonological rules 1.What is phonology Phonology is the study of sound patterns in human language. (p.56) 2.What is the similarity and difference between phonetics and phonology Both phonetics and phonology are concerned with the speech sounds, but they approach the subject from two different points of view. Phonetics It is descriptive and classificatory. It studies speech sounds as they are. It is interested in all the speech sounds used in all human languages: how they are produced, how they differ from each other, what phonetic features they possess, how they can be classified. Phonology is concerned with the sound system of language.It aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication 3. Phone(音素), phoneme(音位) and allophone(音位变体) Phone is a phonetic unit or segment. These sounds we hear and produce during linguistic communication are all phones. How many phones are there in the following words? feel ; like; pit; spit A phoneme is a phonological unit . It is a unit of distinctive value. Look at the two words: “pat” and “bat”, What is the difference between the two words? So in English the sounds (phones) that possess the distinctive value are called phonemes.Phonemes are said to be the distinctive sounds. What are the other phonemes in English speech sounds? Why? Why do we say that /p/ and /b/ are different phonemes? [p]and[b] are different phonemes because they represent distinctive sounds. In addition, if we substitute one sound for the other, it resu