局解知识总结2.0版(更正版).docx

局部解剖知识重点归纳一、急性单纯性阑尾炎Acute simple appendicitis1. McBureny’s point and incision麦氏点的位置和麦氏切口答：位置：在脐至右髂前上棘连线的中外1/3交界处The surface projection of the root of appendix is the lateral 1/3 point of the line between umbilicus and the right anterior superior iliac spine.切口：从脐到右髂前上棘连线的中外1/3处，所作的垂直于此线的切口，长约5到7厘米At the lateral 1/3 point of the line between umbilicus and the right anterior superior iliac spine, make the incision which is perpendicular to this line. About 5 to 7 cm long.2. Which layers will you meet when you choose the McBureny’s incision and the transcrectal incision? 阑尾炎手术切口的腹壁结构答：McBureny’s incision(1)skin 皮肤(2)superficial fascia 浅筋膜(3)aponeurosis of extermal abdominal oblique muscle 腹外斜肌腱膜(4)obliquusinternusabdominis腹内斜肌(5)transversusabdominis腹横肌(6)transversalis fascia or transverse fascia 腹横筋膜(7)extraperitoneal fascia 腹膜外筋膜(8)parietal peritoneum 壁腹膜Transcrectal incision(1)skin 皮肤(2)superfacial fascia 浅筋膜(3)anterior layer of rectus of sheath 腹直肌鞘前层(4)rectus abdominis腹直肌(5)posterior layer rectus of sheath 腹直肌鞘后层(6)transverse fascia腹横筋膜(7)extra-peritoneal fascia 腹膜外筋膜(8)parietal peritoneum 壁腹膜3. During the operation, how to find vermiform appendix? 如何在手术中寻找阑尾？答：First find cecum in the right iliac fossa, and then track down the roots of appendix along with colic bands of cecum. Namely, we can put out the whole appendix. 先在右髂窝内找到盲肠，再沿着盲肠的结肠带往下追踪找到阑尾根部，即可将整条阑尾牵出。4. Why can appendicitis cause liver abscess ?阑尾炎是如可引起肝脓肿的？答：Path1：The bacteria（细菌）go with the venous blood（静脉血）orderly through appendicular vein（阑尾静脉）, superior mesenteric vein（肠系膜上静脉）, portal vein into the liver（肝脏）, causing liver abscess（肝脓肿）Path2：The pus（脓）can go along the right paracolic sulcus（右结肠旁沟）to reach the upper and lower gap of right liver（右肝上下叶间隙）/hepatorenal recess（肝肾隐窝）, which infects（感染）liver to have adscess（脓肿）.5.The reason of metastatic right lower abdominal pain转移性右下腹痛的原因答：Inflammation of the acute appendicitis is gradually developed from inside to outside, when inflammation within limited t