墨家思想 英文精品ppt 适合高二外研新标准.pptx

张行健 廉渊升 陈碧潇 刘欣仪 蒋沛航 张心依 武丹宁 李玮峰 杨雨欣 2016.4 Mohism----墨家思想 introduction Mohism or Moism was a Chinese philosophy developed by the followers of Mozi , 470 BC–c.391 BC. It evolved at about the same time as Confucianism, Taoism and Legalism, and was one of the four main philosophic schools during the Spring and Autumn Period  and the Warring States period . During that time, Mohism was seen as a major rival（对手）to Confucianism. The administrative thought （管理思想）of Mohism was absorbed（吸收） by Chinese Legalism and its books were later merged（合并） into the Taoist canon（标准）, all but disappearing as an independent school of thought. The founder-----mozi Original Name: Mo Di (墨翟) Birth Place: Tengzhou , Shandong Province Time: the Hundred Schools of Thought period (early Warring States period) Date of Birth and Death: 470 BC –391 BC The founder-----mozi Born in Tengzhou, Shandong Province, China, he founded the school of Mohism that argued strongly against Confucianism and Taoism. His philosophy emphasized（强调） self-restraint（自制）, self-reflection（自省） and authenticity(真实性）rather than obedience to ritual（墨守成规）. During theWarring States period, Mohism was actively developed and practiced in many states but fell out of favour when the legalist Qin Dynasty came to power. During that period, many Mohist classics were ruined when emperor Qin Shi Huang carried out the burning of books and burying of scholars. The importance of Mohism further declined （衰落）when Confucianism became the dominant（主要） school of thought during the Han Dynasty, until mostly disappearing by the middle of the Western Han Dynasty. Some terms 兼爱：impartial care/Universal Love 非攻：rejecting aggression 尚贤：elevating the worthy 尚同：conforming upward 节用：thrift in utilization 节葬：thrift in funerals 天志：heaven’s intention 名鬼：elucidating ghosts mottoes 兼相爱，交相利(《兼爱中》） universal love and mutual aid 夫爱人者，人必从而爱之；利人者，人必从而利之；恶人者，人必从而恶之；害人者，人必从而害之。 (《兼爱中》） Whoever loves others is loved by others; whoever benefits others is be