npgTGF-β-inducedepithelialto分析.PDFVIP

npg TGF-β-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition 156 Cell Research (2009) 19:156-172. npg © 2009 IBCB, SIBS, CAS All rights reserved 1001-0602/09 $ 30.00 REVIEW /cr TGF-β-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition 1 1 1 Jian Xu , Samy Lamouille , Rik Derynck 1Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, Programs in Cell Biology and Developmental Biology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA During development and in the context of different morphogenetic events, epithelial cells undergo a process called epithelial to mesenchymal transition or transdifferentiation (EMT). In this process, the cells lose their epithelial characteristics, including their polarity and specialized cell-cell contacts, and acquire a migratory behavior, allow- ing them to move away from their epithelial cell community and to integrate into surrounding tissue, even at remote locations. EMT illustrates the differentiation plasticity during development and is complemented by another process, called mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET). While being an integral process during development, EMT is also recapitulated under pathological conditions, prominently in fibrosis and in invasion and metastasis of carcinomas. Accordingly, EMT is considered as an important step in tumor progression. TGF-β signaling has been shown to play an important role in EMT. In fact, adding TGF-β to epithelial cells in culture is a convenient way to induce EMT in various epithelial cells. Although much less characterized, epithelial plasticity can also be regulated by TGF-β-related bone morp