二十世纪初期美国海军 Early Twentieth Century.pptVIP

二十世纪初期美国海军 Early Twentieth Century.ppt

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二十世纪初期美国海军 Early Twentieth Century

The U.S. Military in the Early Twentieth Century Navy continues focus on battleships “Great White Fleet” circumnavigates globe, 1907-1909 H.M.S. Dreadnought Dilemmas for Naval Policy bases other types of ships manpower technology Army Reform Elihu Root, Secretary of War, 1899-1904 Administrative Organizational Reforms Army War College created, 1900. General Staff Act of 1903: Army General Staff created. Position of Commanding General replaced by Chief of Staff. Militia Reform: The Dick Act of 1903 Identified the Organized Militia (i.e., National Guard) and Reserve Militia. Guard units to receive federal funding (also arms and equipment) to extent they complied with federal standards for: Recruitment (officers enlisted men) Organization Training Other Army developments Concentration into larger tactical units. Extension of school system. Coping with technological change. Military Interventions in Latin America Cuba Under Army administration until 1902. 5,000 troops return in 1906, stay until 1909. Known as Army of Cuban Pacification Other interventions in 1912 1917 Panama and the Canal 1903: Marines and Navy squadrons support revolution in Panama. Army Corps of Engineers oversees construction Canal opens in 1914. Marines on Hispaniola Haiti: Civil war erupts in 1915 Marine occupation lasts until 1934 Dominican Republic: Civil war erupts in 1916 Marine occupation lasts until 1924 Revolution in Mexico Border incidents lead to concentration of Army troops in Texas, 1911. Army concentrates again in 1913 after Mexican coup. Veracruz, 1914 In April, Wilson orders occupation of Veracruz by sailors and marines. U.S. forces land, fight off Mexican attacks. 8,000 Army troops and marines will continue occupation until end of year. Images of Veracruz Mexican troubles continue March 9, 1916: Forces led by “Pancho” Villa raid Columbus, New Mexico. 15 U.S. civilians and soldiers die. The Punitive Expedition, March 1916 – February 1917 John J. Pershing leads 10,000 men acr

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