TOEFL阅读与写作资料.doc

阅读与写作部分 第一课时 第一节 十四种 题型―― TOEFL一共分为三个部分：听力，语法，阅读 托福作文：满分6分，进阶0.5分。 弱点：1．理由段中间的例子问题 2．理由段之间缺乏联系 3．语言不地道 根据错误率而不是绝对错误进行判分 听力 阅读 语法 满分 68分 67分 68分 错14个 错4个 错2个 （53分 + 62分 + 65分）*10/3＝600分 总共错=20 far from more than just 三个原则：词汇当先，熟练方法，认真复习 四种能力：词汇，题型，解法，寻找 一共14种题型。 第二节 托福阅读词汇要求9000 背单词：满足“面”，满足“点” lumber，slumber（睡眠） 七个最难：s t c d e I p 七个最简单：q u v w x y z comparable－similar save－except（完全性排除） short of resource－power upset－overwhelm end 推翻，颠覆 end――upset， goal faculty－ability 能力 raw――uncooked raw meat unprocessed raw data picture 1.icon 2.describe picture it out 3.imagine 第三节 本节讲的是托福阅读文章的特点 托福阅读文章都是由学术体的语言组成的，学术性议论文。 出题顺序与文章议论顺序严格一致 文章的出题原则 P16，25题 Although only I person in 20 in the Colonial period lived in a city, the cities had a disproportionate influence on the development of North America. They were at the cutting edge of social change. It was in the cities that the elements that can be associated with modern capitalism first appeared—the use of money and commercial paper in place of barter, open competition in place of social deference and hierarchy, with an attendant rise in social disorder, and the appearance of factories using coal or water power in place of independent craftspeople working with hand tools. The cities predicted the future, wrote historian Gary B. Nash, even though they were but overgrown villages compared to the great urban centers of Europe, the Middle East. and China. Except for Boston, whose population stabilized at about 16,000 in 1760, cities grew by exponential leaps through the eighteenth century. In the fifteen years prior to the outbreak of the War for Independence in 1775, more than 200,000 immigrants arrived on North American shores. This meant that a population the size of Boston was arriving every years, and most of it flowed into the port cities in the Northeast. Philadelphias population near