WhatShouldThisFightBeCalled创新.PDFVIP

PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE IN THE PUBLIC INTEREST What Should This Fight Be Called? Metaphors of Counterterrorism and Their Implications Arie W. Kruglanski,1 Martha Crenshaw,2 Jerrold M. Post,3 and Jeff Victoroff4 1Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park; 2 Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University; 3Elliot School for International Affairs, The George Washington University; and 4Departments of Clinical Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine SUMMARY—This monograph examines from a psychological attacks. It utilizes a partition between (a) an external perspective the use of metaphors in framing counterterror- agent, (b) a susceptible host, (c) an environment that ism. Four major counterterrorism metaphors are consid- brings them together, and (d) the vector that enables ered, namely those of war, law enforcement, containment of transmission of the disease. In the specific application to a social epidemic, and a process of prejudice reduction. jihadist terrorism, the agent refers to the militant Islamist The war metaphor is as follows: Wars are fought by states; ideology, the susceptible host refers to radicalizable Muslim the enemy is thus an identifiable entity whose interests fun- populations, the environment refers to conditions that damentally oppose your own. The conflict is zero-sum—the promote the readiness to embrace such ideology, and the outcome will be victory for one side or the other—and there vectors are conduits whereby the ideology is propagated. is no compromise. The war metaphor is totalistic and The epidemiological metaphor has its own advantages over extreme. Arguably, it was adopted in light of the immensity