PRODUCTIVEUSESOFENERGYFOR创新.PDFVIP

Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 2005. 30:117–44 doi: 10.1146/annurev.energy.30.050504.144228 c Copyright 2005 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved PRODUCTIVE USES OF ENERGY FOR RURAL DEVELOPMENT R. Anil Cabraal,1 Douglas F. Barnes,2 g r 1 o s. and Sachin G. Agarwal w 1Energy and Water, 2Energy Sector Management Assistance Program, e i v e World Bank, Washington, District of Columbia 20433; r l a email: acabraal@, dbarnes@, sashint@ u n n a . s . l y a l n n r o u e Key Words income, health, education, gender equality o s j r u a l ■ Abstract This review utilizes the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and UN m a n o o Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) working definition of “productive uses of r s f r d e energy,” which states “in the context of providing modern energy services in rural e p d r a o areas, a productive use of energy is one that involves the application of energy de- o F l n 5. rived mainly from renewable resources to create goods and/or services either directly w 0 o / D 7 or indirectly for the production of income or value.” The definition reflects the shift 2 . / 4 0 toward the aspirations of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Traditionally, 4 1 1 n 7- o the product