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1 Cloud Radio Access Network: Virtualizing Wireless Access for Dense Heterogeneous Systems Osvaldo Simeone, Andreas Maeder, Mugen Peng, Onur Sahin, and Wei Yu Abstract Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) refers to the virtualization of base station functionalities by means of cloud computing. 5 This results in a novel cellular architecture in which low-cost wireless access points, known as radio units (RUs) or remote radio 1 heads (RRHs), are centrally managed by a reconfigurable centralized cloud, or central, unit (CU). C-RAN allows operators to 0 reduce the capital and operating expenses needed to deploy and maintain dense heterogeneous networks. This critical advantage, 2 along with spectral efficiency, statistical multiplexing and load balancing gains, make C-RAN well positioned to be one of the key c technologies in the development of 5G systems. In this paper, a succinct overview is presented regarding the state of the art on the e research on C-RAN with emphasis on fronthaul compression, baseband processing, medium access control, resource allocation, D system-level considerations and standardization efforts. 4 2 Keywords ] Cloud Radio Access Networks, C-RAN, 5G, Fronthaul, Backhaul, CPRI, Radio Resource Management. T I . I. INTRODUCTION s c [ Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) refers to the virtualization of base station functionalities by means 1 of cloud computing. In a C-RAN, the baseband and higher-layers operations of the base stations are im- v plemented on centralized, typically general-purpose, processors, rather than on the local hardware of the