4DULTRAFASTELECTRONDIFFRACTION,创新.PDFVIP

Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2006. 57:65–103 doi: 10.1146/annurev.physchem.57.032905.104748 c Copyright 2006 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved 4D ULTRAFAST ELECTRON DIFFRACTION, CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, AND MICROSCOPY Ahmed H. Zewail Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and Physical Biology Center for Ultrafast Science g . r y and Technology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; o l . n s o w email: zewail@ e e i s v u e l r a l n a u o n s n r Key Words structural dynamics, ultrafast science, molecular imaging, biological e a. p s r imaging l o a n F r . u 6 ■ Abstract In this review, we highlight the progress made in the development of 4D o 0 j / r 9 ultrafast electron diffraction (UED), crystallography (UEC), and microscopy (UEM) a 0 m / o 6 with a focus on concepts, methodologies, and prototypical applications. The joint 0 r f n atomic-scale resolutions in space and time, and sensitivity reached, make it possible to d o e Y d determine complex transient structures and assemblies in different phases. These ap- a G o l O plications include studies of isolated chemical reactions (molecular beams), interfaces, n L w O surfaces and nanocrystals, self-assembly, and 2D crystalline fatty-acid bilayers. In 4D o N D 3. H UEM, we are now able, using timed, single-electron packets, to image nano-to-micro C 0 E