FundamentalMovementSkillsofChildhood摘要.pptVIP

Fundamental Movement Skills of Childhood Fundamental locomotor skills are the building blocks of more specific skills developed later in childhood. Prewalking Movements Crawling Creeping Locomoting with hands held Major limitation The hands are required to move Child cannot explore the environment Walking Characterized by a progressive alteration of leading legs and continuous contact with the support surface Gait cycle or walking cycle – Phases of the Gait Cycle Swing phase Begins when foot of one leg leaves support surface Ends when foot touches surface Support phase Time when balance is maintained on one foot Right foot in swing phase while left foot is in support phase Double support phase When both feet are in contact with the ground Walking Independent walking requires Leg strength Equilibrium Initial walking patterns in the infant are designed to foster equilibrium Balance Facts Also called postural control Two types of balance Static Dynamic Task specific Affected by growth and developmental changes Foot length, base of support (BOS) width, height of the center of mass (COM) over the BOS Balance Facts Static balance requires the processing of visual information Negative correlation between balance and body fat An Infants First Steps Short, quick, rigid steps Toes point outward Use of wide base of support Flat-footed contact with floor Arms in high-guard position Arms are rigid Arms are not swung freely in opposition to legs Walking Walking Immature walker ~ Note the high guard-arm position, wide base of support, flat-footed contact, and toeing-out Walking ~ Dynamic Base A change in the width of the base of support from wide (immature walking) to narrow (mature waling) Average step width is 230 mm – initial walking Average step width is 152 mm – at 6 months Average step width is 111 mm at the end of 2 yr Walking ~ Dynamic Base With improved balance, the base of support narrows, the arms are lowered and work in opposition to the legs, and the toes poin