【英语国家概况】103 UK-3-2 Growth of Capitalism and the Rule of the Tudors [兼容模式].pptxVIP

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【英语国家概况】103 UK-3-2 Growth of Capitalism and the Rule of the Tudors [兼容模式].pptx

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【英语国家概况】103 UK-3-2 Growth of Capitalism and the Rule of the Tudors [兼容模式]

Lecture3-2 History Growth of Capitalism and the Rule of the Tudors The end of Feudalism in Britain A. War of the Roses • 1455 ‐ 1485 For thirty years, a bitter struggle for the English throne was waged between two branches on the same family, the House of York and the House of Lancaster, both descended from Edward III. Each house was represented by a rose. Two years after the ending of the Hundred Years’ War, a series of dynastic civil wars were staged between the houses of Lancaster and York for the English throne, which both claimed through descent from Edward III. The wars were named for the emblems of the two houses, the white rose of York and the red of Lancaster. War of the Roses 1455 ‐ 1485 • Henry VII (representing the Lancaster family) married Elizabeth of York (representing the York family). • This marriage united the two families. Henry created the Tudor rose, containing both the White Rose of York and the Red Rose of Lancaster. • It symbolized the end of a struggle between York and Lancaster. War of the Roses 1455 ‐ 1485 • • • • The Battle of Bosworth is one of the most important battles in English history. It ended the War of the Roses, and planted the Tudor house on the throne of England. Henry Tudor, a Lancastrian, defeated King Richard III , a Yorkist. After the battle, Henry Tudor was crowned as King Henry VII, marking the beginning of the 118‐ year reign of the Tudor dynasty in England. Transition to the modern age 1485-1688 • With social peace, regional markets foodstuffs and international markets for commodities such as wool grew quickly. • The increased value of the wool resulted in the nobility and merchants fencing large tracts of land for extremely profitable sheep farming. Economic Development • • • • • Manorialism（庄园制度） declined and was replaced by a money economy. Villainage（隶农） labor service largely disappeared and serfdom（农奴） or villainage declined. Lords turned into landlords