专转本语法摘要.ppt

English Grammar 1.时态 2.被动语态 3.情态动词 4.非谓语动词 5.虚拟语气 6.从句 第一章 时态 ( Tense) 完成时态 1. 现在完成时（Present Perfect） 构成： Have ( has ) + 过去分词 用法： (1) 表示过去已经发生或完成的动作，但对现在有某种影响或后果。 He has already turned on the light. I have been to America. Have you ever talked with him? 可以和already, yet, ever,before, just,lately, never,once 等副词连用。 (2) 表示从过去开始一直延续到现在，还有可能延续下去的动作状 态。通常与表示从过去某一时间延续到现在的时间状语连用。 these days, in the past five year, up to now, recently,so far, for a long time,since+段时间+ago，since+点时间，for+段时间 she has been ill in the past month. ·注意： 瞬间动词不能延续，只能用于完成时态表示行为的结果。 如： join, become, leave, go, come, buy, borrow, die, arrive, begin, start… e.g. He has joined the army. He has joined the army for three years. × 如果一定要表示动作的持续，要与时间状语连用. 用 “ have/has +been+ 表语” 的结构来表示： He has been in the army for 3 years. 他参军有三年了。 He has been a soldier for 3 years. 他当兵已经三年了。 非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。 （错）I have received his letter for a month.（对）I havent received his letter for almost a month. 短暂性动词可转化为连续性动词： die-be dead, leave-be away, marry-be married 特殊句型 It/this is the first time that+现在完成时 练习： They __more enthusiastic about their work since their teacher’s return. A. are B. were C. had been D. have been I will go to play basketball as soon as I___ the compositon. A. will finish B. have finished C. am to finish D. am going to finish 现在完成时和过去时的用法比较 现在完成时和过去时表示的动作和状态都是在过去时间发生，其区别在于： 现在完成时主要涉及现在的时间，而一般过去时和现在时无关 ; 一般过去时强调动作发生在过去，而现在完成时强调过去发生的动作或状态对现在的影响或结果： 时间状语的不同 I saw the film last year. （强调看的动作发生过了。） I haven’t seen the film since last year. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）　 She went to the library yesterday. She has gone to the library. Her parents lived in Shanghai all their lives. Her parents have lived in Shanghai all their lives. 2. 过去完成时（ Past Perfect）