Auxilaies助动词基本概念.ppt

Auxiliaries;I. A classification of auxiliaries II. Similarities between primary auxiliary and modal auxiliary III. Use of primary auxiliaries IV. Use of modal auxiliaries V. Use of semi-auxiliaries;I. A classification of auxiliaries Primary auxiliary Modal auxiliary Semi-auxiliary ⊙Primary auxiliary(基本助动词): a verb that modifies the tense, voice or mood of another verb, or to express negative meaning, to form questions, or to express emphatic affirmative 表达主要动词的时态、语态、语气的词。; ⊙ Modal auxiliary (情态助动词): an auxiliary verb that expresses modal meanings such as possibility, probability, desire, and constraint. 给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等的词。 ⊙ Semi-auxiliary (半助动词): verbs between auxiliaries proper and main verbs. 介于助动词和主要动词之间的动词。;II. Similarities between primary auxiliary and modal auxiliary 1. 构成疑问句（一般general、特殊special、选择alternative、附加tag），并对一般疑问句进行简略回答。 (1) Do you often read English magazines? Yes, I do. No, I don’t. (2) Can you read English magazines? (3) We have tries our best, havent we? (4) He needn’t come, need he?;【注】 1) 构成附加疑问的部分，须对陈述部分谓语的意义提出反问，主语用相应的代词。 Your brother hardly watches TV, _________? 若句中有关部分为带否定前缀的词，该句仍视为肯定句。 He was unpleasant, _____________? 2) 陈述部分带有that引导的从句时，附加疑问句一般情况下应该与主句谓语保持一致。但主句陈述部分是I think (I suppose, I believe …) + that时，附加疑问句部分则要和that从句的主谓保持对应关系。 She thinks that we will lose the game, ___________? I think that you like it, ____________?; 3) 附加疑问句有时用于祈使句，以缓和语气。 这时，附加疑问句通常用：will you, won’t you, would you。 Shut the door, ________________________? 但否定的祈使句通常用will you。 Don’t forget it, _________? 4) 附加疑问句有时也可用于向对方提出建议，或征求对方的允诺。 这时附加疑问???式为shall we 。 Let’s go for a walk, _________? Let’s not talk about such matters, _________? Cf. Let us go for a walk, _________?;2. 构成否定句。 I don’t like classical music. 3. 代替前述动词。 You speak English