英美文学考试复习大纲.docVIP

一、名词解释? 1.?Enlightenment:?With?the?advent?of?the?18th?century,?in?England,?as?in?other?Europe an?countries,?there?sprang?into?life?a?public?movement?known?as?the?Enlightenment.?The?Enlightenment?on?the?whole,?was?an?expression?of?struggle?of?the?then?progressive?class?of?bourgeois?against?feudalism.?They?fought?against?inequality,?stagnation,?prejudices?and?other?survivals?of?feudalism.?They?attempted?to?place?all?branches?of?science?at?the?service?of?mankind?by?connecting?them?with?the?actual?deeds?and?requirements?of?the?people.（启蒙运动）? 2.?Ode:?A?complex?and?often?lengthy?lyric?poem,?written?in?a?dignified?formal?style?on?so me?lofty?or?serious?subject.?Odes?are?often?written?for?a?special?occasion,?to?honor?a?person?or?a?season?or?to?commemorate?an?event.（赋；颂歌；颂诗）? 3.?Romanticism:?A?movement?that?flourished?in?literature,?philosophy,?music,?and?art?in ?Western?culture?during?most?of?the?19th?century,?beginning?as?a?revolt?against?classicism.（浪漫主义）? 4.?Epic:?A?long?narrative?poem?telling?about?the?deeds?of?a?great?hero?and?reflecting?the? values?of?the?society?from?which?it?originated.?Many?epics?were?drawn?from?an?oral?tradition?and?were?transmitted?by?song?and?recitation?before?they?were?written?down.（史诗）? 5.?Romance:?Any?imagination?literature?that?is?set?in?an?idealized?world?and?that?deals? with?a?heroic?adventures?and?battles?between?good?characters?and?villains?or?monsters.（冒险故事；传奇）? 6.?Sonnet:?A?fourteen-line?lyric?poem,?usually?written?in?rhymed?iambic?pentameter.?A?s onnet?generally?expresses?a?single?theme?or?idea.（十四行诗）? 7.?Iambic?pentameter:?A?poetic?line?consisting?of?five?verse?feet,?with?each?foot?an?ia mb—that?is,?an?unstressed?syllable?followed?by?a?stressed?syllable.?Iambic?pentameter?is?the?most?common?verse?line?in?English?poetry.（抑扬格五音步）? 8.?Couplet:?Two?consecutive?lines?of?poetry?that?rhyme.?A?heroic?couplet?is?an?iambic?p entameter?couplet.（两行诗；对句）? 9.?Conceit:?A?kind?of?metaphor?that?makes?a?comparison?between?two?startlingly?differe nt?th