第天精讲阅读真题译文与词汇笔记.docVIP

第九讲、标点符号在阅读中的作用（1） 微观阅读中的技巧—标点符号在阅读中的作用 1. 标点符号在阅读中的作用： ① 句号。分割句子 ，以句号为单位，把段分隔成块，逐个击破。 ② 逗号。在两个逗号中间是一个补充说明成分时，在阅读过程中可以先跳过去不读。 ③ 冒号。冒号的后面进一步补充说明前面的内容，冒号的前后有一个从抽象到具体的过程。 ④ 分号。并列结构：1）语意上的并列；2）结构上的并列。 分号前意思简单，易理解，分号后的意思复杂，不用读就可知道其意义与分号前一样。 2）结构上的并列 ⑤ 破折号。两个破折号之间是补充说明成分，在阅读中可以先不读。 ⑥ 引号。引用和讽刺两种作用：⑴引用某人的观点（是支持还是反对）；⑵用来反讽，讽刺。引用的目的：不论是正面还是反面引述都是为了说明核心概念、中心思想，否则就没有意义。 2）反讽、讽刺 ⑦括号。两种作用：1）补充说明；2）解释生词。 【真题精讲】98年Passage 1 Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps it is humankinds long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating. But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good. The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesnt help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves. Egypts leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkeys bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam. But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left — all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity. And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself. Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go-ahead to the even more wrong-headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction. The benefits are for the pow