直接引语和间引语.docVIP

直接引语和间接引语 （一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。 1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said，asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变 一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。 例如： 　Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.” 　→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework. 2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。 如：　She asked Jack,“Where have you been?” →She asked Jack where he had been. 　He said,“These books are mine.” →He said that those books were his. （二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。 1.陈述句的间接引语：陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，由that引导，可以省略。 　“I want the blue one.” he told us. “我想要兰色的。” 他说。 　 →He told us that he wanted the blue one. 他说他想要兰色的。 　She said to me, “You can’t do anything now.” 她对我说：“此刻你无法做任何事情。” →She told me that I couldn’t do anything then.　 她对我说那时我无法做任何事。 2. 疑问句的间接引语　　直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know等间接疑问句一般有三种： (1)．一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时， 由whether或if 引导。 如：　“Has he ever worked in Shanghai?”Jim asked. “他在上海工作过吗？”吉姆问。 　→Jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in Shanghai.吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。 　“Can you tell me the way to the hospital?” The old man asked. 那个老人问：“你能告诉我去医院的路吗？ 　→The old man asked whether I could tell him the way to the hospital. 那老人问我是否能告诉他去医院路。 (2). 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。 如：　“Which room do you live in?” He asked. “ 你住哪个房间？”他问我。 　→He asked me which room I lived in. 他问我住哪个房间。 　“What do you think of the film?” She asked. 她问“你怎么看这部电影？” 　→She asked her friend what she thought of the film . 她问她朋友怎么看这部电影。 (3). 选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether/if …or引导。 如： “Is it your bike or Tom’s? Mum asked. 妈妈问：“这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？” →Mum asked whether/if it was my bike or Tom’s.妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。 “Does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?” Kate asked. “你妹妹喜欢兰色的裙子还是绿色的？”凯特问。 　→Kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones. 凯特问我妹妹喜欢兰色裙子还是绿色的。 3. 祈使