【2017年整理】Chemicalfibers.pptVIP

UNIT 4;Part1. Words and Terms;poly- polymerize (使)聚合 polymerization Polyester 聚酯，涤纶 (PET) Polyamide 聚酰胺，锦纶, 尼龙 (PA) Polyacrylic 聚丙烯腈 (PAN) Polyethylene 聚乙烯 Polypropylene 聚丙烯, 丙纶 (PP); polymerize: 有机化学和高分子化学的重要术语，指单体小分子通过相互连接成为链状大分子,尤其非常大的分子，一般分子量达到5000以上，甚至可以达到几千万。从而得到一种新的材料。 ;Polyester a complex ester used for making fibers or resins (树脂制品)or plastics or as a plasticizer (增塑剂) polyester brocade:涤纶花缎 polyester crepe:涤纶绉 thermoplastic polyester: 热塑性聚酯 polyester plastic:聚酯塑料 polyester coating:聚酯涂料 ; initial modulus: 纺织纤维拉伸初始模量一般定义为拉伸伸长为1%时应力的100倍。单位与应力相同，且一般为cN/tex或cN/dtex。 拉伸初始模量是反映纤维在小应力条件下的弹性或刚性。纺织材料的初始模量大，其制品的比较挺括；反之，初始模量小，其制品比较柔软。 ; tensile strength: 抗张强度 又称拉伸强度，扯断强度。表示单位面积的破碎力。材料或构件受拉力时抵抗破坏的能力。可用强度极限来表示，是材料的机械性能的一项指标。 ; wet strength: 简称湿强度。指纤维在湿润状态(在水中浸渍达到完全平衡的状态)下测定的强度。区别于纤维在干燥状态下测定的强度——干态强度(简称干强度，dry strength)。一般亲水性纤维吸水后由于水的增塑作用导致二次结构破坏，因而使其湿强度比干强度明显降低。如粘胶纤维，它的湿强度比干强度低30％～50％。但也有湿强度比干强度大的例子，如纤维素系的天然纤维(棉、麻) 。大多数合成纤维均为疏水性纤维，因而它们的干、湿强度接近或相等。干强度／湿强度之比，称之为干湿强度比，该值在纤维诸性能中占有重要的位置。;;Part 2. Text;regenerated protein fiber; 1. Rayon; Rayon has a silk-like aesthetic property with superb drape and retains its rich brilliant colors. Its cellulosic base contributes many properties similar to those of cotton or other natural cellulosic fibers. Compared with cotton and polyester, rayon has advantages in some characteristics such as comfort, moisture, softness, and anti-pilling.; Synthetic fibers are the result of extensive research by scientists to improve on naturally occurring animal and plant fibers. In general, synthetic fibers are created by forcing, usually through extrusion, fiber forming materials through holes (called spinnerets) into the air, forming a thread. Before synthetic fibers were developed, artificially manufactured fibers were made from cellulose, which comes from plants. ; Sythetic fibers used in textiles are generally made from petroleum, coal or natural gas. From