生物专业英语第一章细胞与细胞器.ppt

It is on the large surface area provided by the inner cristae of mitochondria that ATP-generating enzymes are located. ATP酶是位于线粒体内嵴上的很大的表面区域.线粒体内嵴上提供了很大的表面积并分布着ATP酶. Mitochondria are self-replicating, and probably they are the evolutionary descendants of what were once free-living prokaryotes. 线粒体是自我复制的，并且可能是由自由生活的原核生物进化而来的.线粒体自我复制，并且可能是自由生活的原核生物在进化中形成的后代. There are two types of plastids: leucoplasts, which lack pigments and serve as storage sites for starch, protein, and oils; and chromoplasts, which contain pigment. 质体有两种类型：白色体，缺乏色素，是淀粉，蛋白质和油的储备场所；有色体(色质体) ，含有色素. The most important chromoplasts are chloroplasts—organelles that contain the chlorophyll used in photosynthesis. 叶绿体是最重要的有色体(色质体)，含有在光合作用中发挥作用的的叶绿素. The internal structure of chloroplasts includes stacks of membranes called grana, which are embedded, in a matrix called the stroma. 叶绿体的内部结构包括包埋于基质中的由多层膜构成的基粒。 叶绿体的内部结构是由多层膜形成的叶绿体基粒，其中包埋在基质中的基粒称子座。 n．子座；基质 4. The cytoskeleton细胞骨架 cytoskeleton n．细胞骨架 Glossary of part 4 microtubule n.[生]微管, microfilament n.[生]微丝,微纤丝(细胞骨架系统成分之一) Actin n.肌动蛋白 Myosin: n. 肌球蛋白 tubulin n.[生]微管蛋白 Mechanoenzymes:动力酶，动力蛋白 dynein n.[生]动力蛋白 Kinesin: n. 驱动蛋白 Long, fiber-like structures made of protein and found in cells, often in close association with the microtubules; provide structural support and enable movement. Microfilaments are solid rods made of a protein known as actin. small, hollow tubes of protein that function throughout the cytoplasm to provide structural support and enable movement. Microtubules are biopolymers that are composed of subunits. A globular contractile(会收缩的) protein. In muscle cells, actin interacts with amyosinnother protein, , to bring about contraction. actin n. 肌动蛋白 n．肌球蛋白 肌动蛋白 a protein that, with actin, constitutes (会收缩的)the principal element of the contractile apparatus of muscle. a protein that is the major constituent of microtubules. a group of at least four distinct proteins found in the flagella and microt