10.非谓语动词.docVIP

专项（十）非谓语动词 1.动词不定式的形式 时态 主动态 被动态 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing 例1：John said that he had to run in order to catch the bus. （一般式的主动态）例2：He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态)例3：He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式)例4：He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态)例5：This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式被动态)例6：We’re happy to have been working with you. (完成进行式) 2.动词不定式在句中充当的成分(1)作主语。例如：To see you is always a pleasure.To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.To make money is not the only purpose of our life.注：在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。例如：It feels good to be out here for a while.It’s difficult for me to recall his name. (2)作动词的宾语。常用在以下动词后：afford, agree, consent, attempt, bet, bother, cease, claim, decline, refuse, require, request, demand, ask, desire, expect, hasten, hope, learn, decide, choose, seem, plan, intend, hesitate, manage, tend, fail, promise, pledge, swear, pretend, seek, struggle, threaten, venture, volunteer, wait, wish, begin, start, like, love, hate, mean, try, remember, forget, stop等。例如：He managed to pass the exam. He persuaded me to accept the invitation.He promised to be here at nine. I didn’t expect to see you here.注：在某些复合宾语中(宾语+宾补)，必须用it代表不定式，而把不定式放到后面去。例如：He considered it better to leave now.I found it impossible to finish the work on time.(3)作宾语补足语。动词+sb. to do sth 常见的这一类动词有：want, require, request, ask, beg, mean, intend, allow, permit, forbid, advise, recommend, force, pressure, compel, persuade, convince, urge, tempt, get, invite, expect, order, command, cause, lead, teach, tell, remind, wish, encourage, inspire. 注：①有些动词后的不定式做宾补时要省略to，五看二听一感觉see, watch, notice, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel，三个使役紧跟着make, have, let，一个帮助两均可help，被动语态要价to。 ②有些动词短语后用不定式作宾补，例如，depend on, call on, appeal to, long for, arrange for, demand of等 ③英语中有一些动词主动语态只接to be作补语，只有该动词变为被动语态时，才可能接其它动词的不定