大学英语-ED分词.pptVIP

—ED分词 —ED分词即过去分词，具有形容词的句法功能，在句中主要作定语和状语，有时也作表语、补语和独立成分等。 （一）表语 过去分词做表语,表示主语所处的状态。作表语的过去分词已几乎形容词化，可以被副词修饰，有比较形式。这类过去分词常见的有：accustomed, amazed, amused, astonished, bored, broken, closed, decided, dedicated, delighted, devoted, disappointed, discourage, distinguished, educated, embarrassed, excited, exhausted, fascinated, frightened, interested, known, limited, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, shocked, surprised, terrified, tired, upset, worried等 E.g. The file is rusted. She is deeply read in the classics. Einstein’s theory of relativity is known all over the world. He felt thoroughly disappointed. 注意： 过去分词作表语时，系动词除be外，还有appear, become, come, get, go, grow, keep, remain, seem等 E.g. The door remained locked. The battery became exhausted after long use. 过去分词作表语时，相当于形容词，表示性质或状态；被动语态中的过去分词是谓语的组成部分，表示具体的动作 We are all pleased. We are all pleased by the work done. The glass plate is broken. The glass was broken by him. （二）定语 及物动词的过去分词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词是分词行为的承受者，表示被动的行为，通常带有被动和完成意义 frozen food a finished article a moved object boiled water published writings 不及物动词的过去分词作定语时不表示被动意义，只表示完成意义，如： a retired worker= a worker who has retired an escaped prisoner= a prisoner who has escaped a faded flower= a flower that has faded 单个过去分词做定语，一般放在它所修饰的名词之前；但有时也可放在它所修饰的名词之后，这时强调分词的动作。如： the time given the department concerned Hydrogen is the lightest substance known. 由名词、副词或形容词和过去分词构成的复合形容词，放在它所修饰的名词之前。如： state-owned enterprises a well-known writer a man-made satellite 过去分词短语作定语时，放在其所修饰的名词之后，作用相当于定语从句。如： Cotton and silk blouses (which are) made in China sell well in the European market. To live in the hearts of those (which are) left behind is not to die. (T. Compbell) （三）补语 宾语补语 主语补语 宾语补语 在某些表示感觉或心理状态、思维活动和某些表示使役的动词的宾语常可用分词作宾语补语，使意思完整。宾语与补语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系或主系或主系表关系。这类表示感觉、思维活动的动词常见的有：catch, consider, describe, discover, feel, find, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, regard, see, show, sm