第六讲英汉思维方式及语言对比.pptVIP

第六讲 英汉思维方式及语言对比（2） 张伟红 2012-10-8 主要内容 一、中英语言对比（第五章第一、二节；陈，2.3） 二、练习 一、中英语言对比 1. 英语没有量词，汉语有量词（名量词和动量词） Eg. 1) I could see every pebble on the path, and every blade of grass, by that splendid moon. 借助于皎洁的月光，我可以看清小路上的每一颗石子和每一片草叶。 2) Read it over correctly, without a single mistake. 给我准确地念一遍，不许有一个错。 3) 嗖的一声，那支箭射上了天。(whoosh只能作拟声词) Up went the arrow into the sky/air. 2. 英语没有句末语气词，汉语有句末语气词 Eg. 1) I’m thinking of his marrying one of our girls. 我正琢磨他娶咱们一个闺女做太太呢。 2) ...but to almost everybody she was a fine and picturesque country girl, and no more. ......不过，她在几乎所有人眼中不过是个标致如画的乡下姑娘而已。 3) 自从那次事故之后，你听到过她的消息吗？ Have you ever heard about her after the accident? 3. 英语喜用代词，汉语少用代词 Eg. 1) As we felt that we had done the right thing, we could brave it out. 既然我们认为自己所做的事情没有错，便能够坚持到底。 2) He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, and despised it in others. 他讨厌失败。他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。 3) 饭前洗手。 Wash your hands before meal. 4. 英语重形合，汉语重意合（连词） Eg. 1) It was quite late when we got back, nearly eleven o’clock in the evening. 我们到家已经很晚了，将近晚上十一点。 2) The Palace was so interesting that we went there several times. 那座宫殿非常有趣，我们去了好几次。 3) 姐姐在等我，我得走了。 I have to go as my sister is waiting for me. 5. 英语重后饰，汉语重前饰（定语位置不同） Eg. 1) The diagnosis seems in every case to correspond exactly with all the sensations that I have ever felt. 每次看病的诊断似乎都和我所有的感觉完全相符。 2) It is a good plan to imagine an argument with a person having a different bias. 借助于想象与持不同偏见的人进行辩论是一个很好的办法。 3)那个正在跟老师说话的人就是他父亲。 The man who is talking with the teacher is his father. 6. 英语重前心，汉语重后心（状语位置不同） Eg. 1) You are independent of trains and buses if you have a car. 如果你有小汽车，就不用坐火车或挤公交车了。 2) Anyone involved, said the judge, could not escape from the net. 法官说，任何有牵连的人都无法漏网。 3) 只要肯动脑筋，所有问题都能自己解决。 All the problems can be solved by ourselves when we use our brain. 7. 英语喜用静态词汇，汉语喜用动态词汇 Eg. 1) He is a good eater and good sleeper. 他能吃能睡。 2) I’m suspicious about his intention. 我怀疑他的动机。 3) 一见