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* 未与群芳同温暖 却在枝头独欢笑 The advancement of medication research of diabetic neuropathy Background What are diabetic neuropathies? Diabetic neuropathies are a family of nerve disorders caused by diabetes. People with diabetes can, over time, develop nerve damage throughout the body. Some people with nerve damage have no symptoms. Others may have symptoms such as pain, tingling, or numbness-loss of feeling-in the hands, arms, feet, and legs. Nerve problems can occur in every organ system, including the digestive tract, heart, and sex organs.  /dm/pubs/neuropathies/ Peripheral neuropathy Autonomic neuropathy Proximal neuropathy the most common type of diabetic neuropathy, causes pain or loss of feeling in the toes, feet, legs, hands, and arms. causes pain in the thighs, hips, or buttocks and leads to weakness in the legs. causes changes in digestion, bowel and bladder function, sexual response, and perspiration. What are the types of diabetic neuropathy? Focal neuropathy results in the sudden weakness of one nerve or a group of nerves, causing muscle weakness or pain. Any nerve in the body can be affected. Decrease blood glucose levels Pain Relief Metabolic disorder rectification Microcirculation improvement Oxidative stress antagonism Clinical Therapy How are diabetic neuropathies treated? Pain Relief (Duloxetine and Tapentadol ) Metabolic disorder rectification and anti-oxidant (Actovegin and α-lipoic acid ) THERAPY ADVANCEMENT Document review Adjunctive therapy (The Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Neuragen PN) Pain Relief Other types of antidepressants Anticonvulsants Opioids and opioid-like drugs Tricyclic antidepressants controlled-release oxycodone and tramadol pregabalin , gabapentin, carbamazepine, and lamotrigine amitriptyline, imipramine, and desipramine duloxetine ,venlafaxine, bupropion, paroxetine, and citalopram Document review /NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/2004/ucm108349.htm Duloxetine and pregabalin are approved by the U.S.