材料科学与工程专业英语PDF.pdfVIP

专业英语 English in Materials Science and Engineering 材料学院 教学目标 • 掌握材料科学与工程的专业英语词汇 • 掌握专业英语阅读和翻译能力 • 了解英语科技论文的写作格式和要求 考核方式 • 平时成绩：出勤情况、课堂提问；30% • 期末成绩：开卷考试；70% What is Materials Science and Materials Engineering? • Materials science is the investigation of the relationship among processing (工艺), structure (结构), properties (特性), and performance (使用效能) of materials. The discipline of materials science involves investigating the relationships that exist between the structures and properties of materials. In contrast, materials engineering is , on the basis of these structure-property correlations, designing or engineering the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties. • The structure of a material usually relates to the arrangement of its internal components. Subatomic structure involves electrons within the individual atoms and interactions with their nuclei. On an atomic level, structure encompasses the organization of atoms or molecules relative to one another. The next larger structural realm (领域), which contains large groups of atoms that are normally agglomerated together, is termed “microscopic”, meaning that which is subject to direct observation using some type of microscope. Finally, structural elements that may be viewed with the naked eye are termed “macroscopic”. • Property is a material trait (特性) in terms of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus （刺 激）. Generally, definitions of properties are made independent of material shape and size. Virtually all important properties of solid materials may be grouped into six different categories: mechanical, electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical, and deteriorative （退化的）. For each there is a characteristic type of stimulus capable of