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Hydrometallurgy 49 1998 87–101 Copper extraction from reverberatory and flash furnace slags by chlorine leaching O. Herreros a, , R. Quiroz a , E. Manzano b , C. Bou b , J. Vinals b ˜ a Department of Mining Engineering, Uniersity of Antofagasta, Casilla 170, Antofagasta, Chile b Department of Chemical Engineering and Metallurgy, Uniersity of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Received 22 May 1997; revised 5 January 1998; accepted 27 January 1998 Abstract The effects of the stirring speed, temperature, initial chlorine and chloride concentrations, particle size, addition order of the reactants and slags on the copper and iron dissolution from reverberatory and flash furnace slags were investigated. Extractions in the range of 75 and 80% Cu and about 5% Fe were obtained at room temperature. The most significant parameters were the particle size and the initial chlorine concentration. A mineralogical characterization of the reverberatory and flash smelting slags, using X-ray diffraction XRD , optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy SEM coupled to an X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer EDS and microanalysis EPMA , was made. This characterization indicated that most of the copper is in the form of metallic copper, chalcocite, bornite and other complex sulphides of very small size, mainly 5–10 m. Iron is present principally as the matrix of a vitreous phase, fayalite and magnetite. An average only 0.2–0.4% of the copper was found in the silicate phases. 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction