英语语法中的特殊用法讲义02 - 非谓语动词.pdfVIP

英语语法中的特殊用法讲义 李宪博 （兰州大学信息科学与工程学院，甘肃·兰州 730000） 第2 讲 非谓语动词 一、非谓语动词的构成形式 1. 动词不定式 主动形式 被动形式 一般时 to do to be done 完成时 to have done to have been done 进行时 to be doing 完成进行时 to have been doing 2. 动名词 主动形式 被动形式 一般时 doing being done 完成时 having done having been done 3. 现在分词 主动形式 被动形式 一般时 doing being done 完成时 having done having been done 二、非谓语动词的时态和语态 1. 时态 非谓语动词一般式：表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或将来发生。 非谓语动词完成式：说明该动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前发生。 2. 语态 现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。 E.g. ① (2007 四川卷) The flowers his friend gave him will die unless ____A____ every day. A. watered B. watering C. water D. to water ② (2008 北京卷) ___A___ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she would like that little doll on her bed. A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen ③ (2008 陕西卷) __ _C___around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird ’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games. A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show - 1 - 三、非谓语动词的一些用法 [Prefer A to B] 1. prefer to do sth 宁愿做某事。 E.g. He prefers to stay at home. 他宁愿呆在家里。 2. prefer doing sth to doing sth 比起做某事，更喜欢做另一件事。 E.g. He prefers staying at home to going to the cinema. 他宁愿呆在家里也不愿去看电影。 3. prefer sth to sth 比起……更喜欢…… E.g. He prefers apples