组织、细胞的适应和损伤1-1.ppt

病 理 学 Pathology 绪 论 病理教研室 俞薇薇 What is pathology Pathology is the scientific study of disease . The contents of Pathology Etiology Pathogenesis Pathological changes Results 绪 论 pathology General pathology Systemic pathology General pathology Adaptation and injury Repair Local circulatory disturbance Inflammation Tumor Systemic pathology Diseases of the cardiovascular system Diseases of the respiratory system Diseases of digestive system Diseases of urinary System Diseases of reproductive system Diseases of nervous system Infectious disease Verminosis The location and importance of pathology in medical education Pathology is a bridge between basic science and clinical medicine. 病理学的地位 Methods in pathology 1. Autopsy 2. Biopsy 3. Cellular examination 4. Animal experimentation 5. Tissue and cell culture 2.Biopsy Surgical Pathology Diagnostic Pathology HE切片制片过程 取材(2*2*0.3) 酒精 → 二甲苯 浸蜡 → 包埋 →蜡块 切片→染色 苏木素→染核→兰色 伊红→染胞浆→红色 厚度5∪m 术中冰冻病理诊断 快速：取材、切片、染色、阅片。 手术室内的病理诊断室。 手术中冰冻协议书和病理医生上手术台。 难以诊断时，手术方案应尽量保守，不可冒进。 提前一天通知病理医生，使其做好充分准备，有利于提高冰冻诊断准确率。 手术中冰冻是关键时刻的关键诊断。 关系到病人的生命，也是病理医生的生命。 One of the most crucial tasks of the pathologist is the performance and interpretation of the frozen section 诊断的正确率 病史、查体、检验 50％ 影像学 75％ 病理学 99％ 医生的医生 病理为临床提供确诊依据。 病理医生为临床医生答疑解惑，搞清疾病的来龙去脉。 病理医生是临床医生的帮手和朋友。 疑难病例讨论会上通常不可缺少病理医生。 3. Cellular examination 4. Animal experimentation 5. Tissue and cell culture 病理学的观察方法及新技术 Observation in pathology1. gross 2.组织和细胞学观察 section 3.组织化学和细胞化学Histochemistry and cytochemistry 4.免疫组织化学Immunohistochemistry 病理学的观察方法及新技术 Chapter 1 Adaptation and injury of cells and tissues 细胞、组织的适应和损伤 适应 Adaptation 细胞、组织、器官 能耐受内、外环境中各种有害因子的刺激 得以生存的过程 Section 1 adaptation Atrophy Hypertrophy Hyperplasia Metaplasia 一. Atrophy Definition: Acquired loss of size due to reduction