物理课件24-1.pptVIP

Chapter 24 Schr?dinger Equation duality EM Waves photon particle ? In November 1925 Erwin Schr?dinger gave a seminar on de Broglie’s work in Zurich. When he was finished, Peter Debye asked, You speak about waves, but where is the wave equation? Schr?dinger went on to produce his equation, the master key for so much of modern physics. is the probability of finding the particle in the interval from x1 to x2. 24.1 Wave function Max Born proposed a statistical interpretation about matter wave ? Y is probability amplitude. ? ? |Y (x) |2 dx is the probability of finding the particle in an interval dx near x. ? |Y (x) |2 = Y *Y probability density (* means complex conjugate). Max Born shared the 1954 Nobel Prize for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wave function.(Copenhagen interpretation) ? Superposition principle applies as for all linear waves. That means if Y1, Y2 are possible states of the system, Y =C1Y1 +C2Y2 is also a possible state of the system. According to Born’s theory, wave function is assigned the following basic properties. ? Normalization ? Wave function is single-value, continuous, and finite. preferred though |Y |2dx and C|Y |2dx give out same relative probability. in most case is Born had the insight that the wave function should be interpreted in terms of probabilities. Einstein was deeply unhappy with this conclusion and expressed his preference for a deterministic universe with the oft-quoted remark, “I can’t believe that God plays dice.” EPR paradox 1 Einstein Albert, Podolsky Boris, Rosen Nathan. Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete? Phys. Rev., 1935, 47: 777~780 2 Bohr Niels. Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete? Phys. Rev., 1935, 48: 696~702 4 Aspect A, Grangier P and Roger G. Phys. Rev. Let., 1982, 49: 91 Aspect A, Dalibard J and Roger