英美概况——英国历史.ppt

English History An outlined study Highlights 1. Cultural Noun Explanations: The Magna Carta The Protestant Church The Elizabethan Age Charles Darwin The Middle Ages 476----1453AD King Arthur(6th century) King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table Alfred the Great(871--899) A fine Saxon king who successfully defeated the invading Danes. William I (1066--1087) Known as William the Conqueror Richard I (1189--1199) A Norman king, known as Richard Lion-Heart Most famous Crusaders Tried to snatch the “ Holy land” King John(1199--1216) The Magna Carta(Great Charter) in 1215,the basis of British Constitution(p26) Joan of Arc The Hundred Years’ War(1337--1453) Relations between England France was completedly cut off The Sixteenth Century Characteristics the transition of the modern period the age of great voyages of discovery the beginning of freedom of thought in the Christian religion Henry VIII (1509--1547) His request to devorce his Queen was refused by the Roman Pope Established the Church of England, also Anglican Church. Declared that he and not the Pope was the head of the Church in England The Catholic Church the Protestant Church Mary I (1553--1558) a devout Catholic. “Bloody Mary” Elizabeth I (1558--1603)---An age of Glory Protestantism gradually bacame the dominant faith An age of real literary achievement: Shakespeare Adventure on the Sea ,defeated Spanish “ Armada” by Sir Francis Drake James I (1603--1625) the “Gunpowder Plot”—a plot to blow up the King and Parliament The Seventeenth Century Charles I (1625--1649) Believed that he had a “Divine Right” to govern The great Civil War (1642--1649)--- wars between “Roundheads” and “Cavaliers” was condemned to death Oliver Cromwell(1649--1658) Lord Protector Built a republic country (11ys) William III and Mary II (1688--1702) the Glorious Revolution(1688) the Bill of Rights was passed The Eighteent