应用翻译第二讲.ppt

The Nature of Translation (本质) The Definition of Translation (定义) The Criteria for Translation (标准) The Process of Translation (步骤) Translator’s Competence (译者所应具备的能力) 6. The Methods of Translation (方法) What is the nature of translation? What is the nature of translation? What is the nature of translation? 文学翻译的任务： 用另一种语言把原作的艺术意境传达出来，使读者在读译文的时候能够像读原作一样得到启发、感动和美的感受。 The Definition of Translation 翻译 fānyì “翻”是指对交谈中的两种语言进行即时的、一句对一句的转换，即先把一句甲语转换为一句乙语，然后再把一句乙语转换为甲语。这是一种轮流的、交替的语言或信息转换。实际例子：宴会桌前，宾主用异种语言进行交谈，他俩中间有一个双语人士，在作即时的、一句对一句的语言转换. The Definition of Translation “译”是指单向陈述，即说者只说不问，听者只听不答，他俩中间也有一个双语人士，只为说者作语言转换。实际例子是书面语言转换，或者是外国新任驻在国使节向驻在国首脑递交国书的场合. 翻译 是指在准确通顺的基础上，把一种语言信息转变成另一种语言信息的行为。 The Definition of Translation Linguistic views on translation: Translation is “the replacement of textual material in one language (Source Language) by equivalent textual material in another language.” (Catford) 所谓翻译，是指从语义到风格在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。 --尤金.奈达 Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning, and second in terms of style. -- Eugene Nida Communicative views on translation: The translator attempts to produce the same effect on the target language readers as was produced on the original source language readers. (Newmark) 翻译是异语交际活动，通过语言转换达到交际目的。（张泽乾） Semantic views on translation: Translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that author intended the text. (Newmark) 把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来。(《现代汉语词典》) Cultural views on translation: For truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism, since words only have meanings in terms of the cultures in which they function. (Nida) 翻译是将一种语言文字所蕴含的意思用另一种语言文字表达出来的文化活动。 (王克非) General laws of translation (Tytler, 18英,泰特勒) 1. The translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. 2. The style