虚拟语气讲解-及2013年各地高考真题.docVIP

虚拟语气讲解及2013年各地高考真题 陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：0-0There are two sides to every question./ 0-1Were you busy all day yesterday? 祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如：0-2Never be late again!/ 0-3Don’t forget to turn off the light. 虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如：0-4If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 一 真实条件与非真实条件 真实条件表示现实情况中可能实现的情况而非真实条件表示与现实情况相反的假想。 1-1 If the working conditions are not too bad, I will accept the job. 如果工作条件不太差，我会接受这项工作。(真实条件) 1-2 If the working conditions were not too bad, I would accept the job. 如果工作条件不太差，我就接受这项工作了。(非真实条件) (事实是The working conditions are too bad,、I wont accept the job) 1-3 He said if he failed, he would have another try. 他说他如果失败，他还会再试一次。(真实条件) 1-4 If he had failed, he would have had another try. 如果他失败的话，他会再试一次的。(非真实条件) (事实是He didnt fail and he didnt have another try.) 二 非真实条件句 2.1 if条件状语从句中的虚拟语气 类别 用法 例句 If引导的条件从 句 与现在事实相反 从句动词：过去式（be用were） 主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形 If it weren’t snowing, we wouldn’t stay in the house.（事实上现在下雪） If he hurried, he could catch the first bus. If it weren’t for your help, we would get into trouble. 与过去事实相反 从句动词：had+过去分词 主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+过去分词 If I had been free, I would have visited you. If Bob had come with us, he would have had a good time. If you had taken my advice, you would not have made such a mistake.? 与将来事实相反 从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/ were+不定式 主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. We would stay at home if it should rain tomorrow. If I were to do the examination I would do it some other way. 注意:主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美国英语中，should常被would代替；从句中的should可用于各种人称，且不可以被would所代替。 2.2 混合虚拟结构 2.2.1不同时间的虚拟 If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反） If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反） If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. （从句与现在事实相反，主句与过去事实相反） 2.2.2 虚拟与陈述的混合 He could have passed the exam, but he wasn’t careful enough.