分子生物学的发.pptVIP

In the early 1960s Marshall Nirenberg Gobind Khorana Robert W. Holley for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis. 1968 Nobel Prize in Medicine 1927- 1922- 1922- * one gene one polypeptide normal gene normal function mutant gene genetic disorder Technique: gene cloning * Howard Temin (41y) David Baltimore (37y) Reverse transcription（引发癌症的内因） * The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980 for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids Walter Gilbert Frederick Sanger 1932- 1918- * for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958 Frederick Sanger 1918 - * 1983. Barbara McClintock (86y) DNA transposable element * The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989 for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA Ribozyme Sidney Altman Thomas R. Cech Yale University New Haven, CT, USA University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA 1939 - 1947- * The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1993 Kary B. Mullis 1944 - for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method * Edward B. Lewis Christiane Nüsslein -Volhard Eric F. Wieschaus The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 1995 discovered Genetic control of early development in Drosophila（果蝇） * In 1997, lan Wilmut and colleagues cloned a sheep (Dolly) from an adult sheep udder cell. * 1997，The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of Prions – a new biological principle of infection Stanley B. Prusiner Univ. of California, School of Medicine USA 1942 - * discovered key regulators of the cell cycle Leland H. Hartwell R. Timothy (Tim) Hunt Sir Paul M. Nurse The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2001 * 2002 Nobel Prize John Sulston Sydney Brenner H. Robert Horvitz Programmed Cell Death (PCD) and development * 1.3. 分子生物学的研究概况 * 还原论 20世纪 人类对生命现象的认识 个体 染色体 基因