把握“近义同音词和近义交叉词”.docVIP

把握“近义同音词和近义交叉词” 像必须和必需这样的词，现代汉语里很多，同学们经常一不小心，就写混淆了，或有的同学就干脆随手写一个，因为他们觉得难以区分。 那么，有没有办法区分它们呢？当然有。这就是搞清楚近义同音词和近义交叉词。 什么是同音词？《现代汉语语法》说，现代汉语中有许多词意义完全不同，而其语音形式（包括声、韵、调等各个方面）却是完全相同，这样的词就叫做同音词。其实不尽然。词的音和义（包括字形）的关系比较复杂。先看下表： 音 义 字 词 例 ①全同 异 全异 同音词 兼顾坚固 ②全同 异 一同一异 同音词 律师律诗 ③全同 异（有关） 一同一异 同音词 积肥基肥 ④全同 近 一同一异 近义词 界限界线 上表中①②③组一般称为同音词，值得注意的是第④组。这种词，语音形式完全相同，可是意义是相近的，这就是近义的同音词，或近义的交叉词。这类词在现代汉语里还真不少。例如，毕命和毙命，必须和必需，查访和察访，处置和处治，拨弄和播弄等等。这些词的语音完全相同，字形一同一异。稍不注意，就写别字。例如，把生活必需品写成生活必须品；误导引起群众的强烈反应写成误导引起群众的强烈反映；60岁的人比70岁的人年轻写成60岁的人比70岁的人年青；作客他乡写成做客他乡；十足的理由写成实足的理由；审定生产计划写成审订生产计划；竖立旗杆写成树立旗杆；她的学历是大学毕业写成她的学力是大学毕业；人心不古，处世不易写成人心不古，处事不易；犯罪分子的犯罪手段令人感愤写成犯罪分子的犯罪手段令人感奋；金榜题名写成金榜提名；蜕化变质写成退化变质；他推托病了，不肯来写成他推脱病了，不肯来；起用退休干部写成启用退休干部；互相勉励写成互相勉力等等。 把握近义的同音词或近义的交叉词，有助于我们准确地区分和使用它。不会再见到它而束手无策，随手乱用了。 Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee, two session of the five plenary meeting spirit, fully implement the Scientific Outlook on Development based XX youth career development planning in accordance with the 11th Five-Year , building a first-class team, with first-class team. First-class performance, the overall requirements of first-class image of the tree , focusing on human services, standardized management, work fine, first-class achievements , give full play to staff assistant, supervision and inspection, comprehensive coordination, service guarantee, focus on the global and group work of the Communist Youth League in the city Municipal Party Central work, and strive to improve the decision-making ability, comprehensive coordination ability, writing ability, supervision ability, logistics ability, innovation ability, continuously consolidate and maintain the education on Party membersadvancement activities and enhance awareness of the Communist Youth League education achievements, and vigorously promote the construction of civilization advanced units, units and staff home building activities, balanced, focused, pragmatic, innovation, high standard, high quality, high level, hig