10定语从句.ppt

5.下列固定结构，一般不能用which，如： as has been said before 如前所述 as often happens 正像经常发生的那样 as is well known 众所周知 as will be shown in Fig 3 将如图3所示 as we know 正如我们知道的那样 as may be imagined 这可以想像得出来 as we all can see 正如我们大家看到的那样 as follows 如下 定语从句中的主谓一致 定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数与先行词保持一致。 例如： 1.?Here are such sentences as are often used by the students.?( as指代sentences,谓语动词用are)。 2.?I, who am a Party member, should work hard for our country.( who指代I, 谓语用am)。 3.?He was one of the students who were praised for it. ( who指代the students) 他是被表扬的学生之一。 4.?He was the only one of the students who was praised for it. ( who 指代the only one) 他是惟一被表扬的学生。 定语从句的缩略 1、 缩略为分词短语 有些定语从句可直接略去作主语的关系代词who, which,例如： 1) I know the men (who are )sitting in that car. 2) The boys helped the people (that were )hurt in the accident. 3) The problem (which is) bothering everybody is the lack of money. 4) The book (that has been) given to him is an English novel. 有些定语从句不能按上述方法直接缩略，而需变动词为现在分词，这类定语从句一般缩略为现在分词短语，且在缩略时要考虑现在分词的时态和词态特征。 例如： 5) The man who owns that car will be fined for illegal parking. →The man owning that car will be fined for illegal parking. 6) Bill, who had taken chemistry in the high school, offered to help him. → Bill, having taken chemistry in the high school , offered to help him. 7) Now, however, the furniture which they are carrying down to the truck feels very heavy. →Now, however, the furniture being carried down to the truck feels very heavy. 2、缩略为形容词短语 若定语从句为主系表结构，且表语由形容词短语充当，可直接略去作主语的关系代词和连系动词，从而使定语从句缩略为形容词短语作后置定语。 例如： 1) The men (who were ) responsible for the administration of the school refused to consider the matter . 2) We said goodbye to Mrs. Long, (who was) still busy at her chores. 3) The puppy, (which was) too excited to be calmed, barked furiously. 3．缩略为名词短语 由名词短语作表语的非限制性定语从句略去作主语的关系代词和连系动词便成为名词短语作同位语。例如： 1）The company commander, (who was) Captain Madison, assembled his men and announced their mission.连队指挥官，墨迪逊上尉，把战士们集合起来宣布他们的战斗任务。 2）You should have a talk wi