福特汽车公司-NCNUMoodle课程.ppt

GM在革新組織﹑用統計手法開發多種車多種市場時，堅持黑色T型便宜戰略的福特，全然沒有考慮組織和市場的重要性． 因此福特的Liver 工廠於1928年閉廠，提早開發A型，1940年以後福特也導入GM同樣的組織體系，但還是沒有追得過GM． 福特汽車公司Template:NYSE 是一間生產汽車的跨國企業，於美國Dearborn, Michigan(現公司總部所在地)由亨利．福特所創立，在1903年公司化。In its twentieth century heyday, Ford, along with General Motors and Chrysler, were known as Detroits Big Three automakers, companies that dominated the American auto market. Toyota surpassed Ford in revenue starting in 2004. Ford remains one of the worlds ten largest corporations by revenue. 福特引進了大批量汽車生產，和大批量工廠員工管理，特別Ford introduced methods for large-scale manufacturing of cars, and large-scale management of an industrial workforce, especially elaborately engineered manufacturing sequences typified by the moving assembly lines. Henry Fords combination of highly efficient factories, highly paid workers, and low prices revolutionized manufacturing and came to be known around the world as Fordism by 1914. Early history Ford was launched from a converted wagon factory, with $28,000 cash from twelve investors. During its early years, the company produced just a few cars a day at its factory on Mack Avenue in Detroit. Groups of two or three men worked on each car from components made to order by other companies. 1908年, 福特汽車公司發表福特T型號。The first Model Ts were built at the Piquette Manufacturing Plant. The company moved production to the much larger Highland Park Plant to keep up with the demand for the Model T, and by 1913 had developed all of the basic techniques of the assembly line and mass production. Ford introduced the worlds first moving assembly line that year, which reduced chassis assembly time from 12? hours in October to 2 hours, 40 minutes. However these innovations were not popular and turnover of workers was very high. Turnover meant delays and extra costs of training, and use of slow workers. In January 1914 solved the problem by doubling pay to $5 a day, cutting shifts from nine hours to an eight hour day, and instituting hiring practices that ide